Definitions

• galaxy types - there are 3 types: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. spiral (ex. milky way) have 2 "arms" stemming from a central cluster of stars. elliptical galaxies are just a elliptical grouping of stars, and irregular is everything else, where neither other type applies.
• star temperature - star temperatures range from 3000 degrees celsius to 300,000 degrees celsius. The hotter a star is, the closer it is in color to blue, and the cooler a star is, the closer it is in color to red.
• magnitude of a star - the brightness of a star when looking at it.
• origin of oceans - when the earth was very hot, volcanoes and the like erupted and sent massive amounts of gas into the atmosphere. when the planet cooled later, the clouds of gas condensed and became rain, and the rain puddles became the ocean.
• biogenic elements - carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. all living things need these elements in some way, and contain them in their genetic makeup.
• Miller and Urey - discovered that every time lightning strikes, amino acids are created, and this could have been the beginning of life, or helped in life's development.
• coacervate - a membrane that surrounds RNA and helps it develop, safe from outside forces.